Increasing clinical and preclinical evidence associates the gut microbiome as a possible key susceptibility factor for neurological disorders. Paul Wilmes, PhD, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, discusses how the microbiome learnings in Parkinson’s disease can elucidate other neurological diseases. Prof. Wilmes highlights striking similarities between the gut microbiome in Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis (MS). This interview took place during the XXV World Congress of Neurology.