Simona Sacco, MD, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy, outlines the future directions and clinical implications of the novel definitions of refractory and resistant migraine established in the European Headache Federation (EHF) consensus. An ongoing multicenter, international, real-world study is testing the validity of the updated definitions. Furthermore, the study will provide information on the characteristics of those patients to better understand the real burden of the disease, their comorbidities profile, and the drugs most commonly used. Prof. Sacco hopes that having these novel definitions will stimulate further clinical, scientific and social attention and promote the investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying refractory and resistant migraine. This interview took place during the International Headache Congress 2021.