Sanne Peters, PhD, George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, suggests future research needed to determine what causes the sex differences seen in the association between stroke risk factors and stroke risk. Dr Peters further proposes the need to investigate the underlying mechanisms once a causal link has been proved, which may then feed into recommendations for clinical practice to eliminate the sex differences in treatment. This interview took place at the European Stroke Organisation Conference (ESOC), 2021.