The neuroimmunology field has witnessed a revolution in the last decade, novel diseases have been identified, and many treatments have been developed. Hans Lassmann, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, outlines the importance of a comprehensive understanding of the basic immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease for proper individual therapy and the development of novel treatment strategies. This interview took place at the 2022 Congress of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) in Vienna, Austria.