Researchers have observed that failure of protein quality control systems can drive neurodegeneration and as these built-in defense mechanisms may decline with age, there is a growing interest in targeting protein control systems therapeutically in neurodegenerative diseases. Anne Bertolotti, PhD, FMedSci, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK, outlines the latest observations that support the continued investigation of this approach. Dr Bertolotti highlights the next major challenge as taking these approaches into humans. This interview took place during the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AAIC) 2021.