Despite the advent of novel medications for epilepsy, approximately 30% of patients will not respond to a majority of available treatments. Matthew Walker, MA, MB BChir, PhD, FRCP, University College London Hospital, London, UK, discusses strategies to improve the efficacy of medications in patients with epilepsy. For some patients, the severity of the disease impedes treatment, and various other factors including etiology, genetics and the environment may affect response. Other treatment options including surgery, which can effectively remove the epilepsy-causing section of the brain, neurostimulation, as well as cell and gene therapies represent alternative options for patients. This interview was conducted during the 2022 World Congress on Controversies in Neurology (CONy) meeting.